Transformaci?n de las concepciones sociol?gicas sobre naturaleza de la ciencia (ndc) en estudiantes de la instituci?n educativa t?cnica Fabio Lozano Piedras - Tolima

121 P?ginasEl estudio de la Naturaleza de la Ciencia y las relaciones CTSA es fundamental en la ense?anza de la tecnolog?a y las ciencias porque da una idea multidimensional de los diversos factores que intervienen en la soluci?n de problemas cient?ficos y tecnol?gicos, adem?s de dar una visi?n hist?rica y una contextualizaci?n de los contenidos ense?ados. Al realizar actividades de este tipo los estudiantes de secundaria, pregrado y programas superiores transforman su imagen de la tecnolog?a y las ciencias y mejoran sus actitudes hacia las mismas. Este documento presenta informaci?n acerca de conceptos, investigaciones y estudios desarrollados desde la Did?ctica de las Ciencias, sobre concepciones de NdC en el mundo contempor?neo, que gira alrededor de los sistemas cient?fico-tecnol?gicos. Se hace ?nfasis en el proyecto de investigaci?n ?Incidencia de una unidad did?ctica, desde la perspectiva de la sociolog?a de la ciencia, en la transformaci?n progresiva de concepciones sobre NdC de los estudiantes del grado 11 de la Instituci?n Educativa T?cnica Fabio Lozano y Lozano del Municipio de Piedras ? Tolima?, por medio del cual se pretende aplicar un estudio cualitativo basado en la investigaci?n acci?n, enfocado hacia las relaciones CTSA, que aplica estrategias pedag?gicas que han demostrado ser adecuadas para transformar de manera gradual concepciones en los estudiantes.INTRODUCCI?N 12 1. JUSTIFICACI?N 15 2. OBJETIVOS 17 2.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL 17 2.2 OBJETIVOS ESPEC?FICOS 17 3. FORMULACI?N DEL PROBLEMA 19 4. CONTEXTUALIZACION DEL PROBLEMA 20 5. MARCO TEORICO Y ANTECEDENTES 23 5.1 CONCEPCIONES SOBRE NATURALEZA DE LA CIENCIA 23 5.2 LA DID?CTICA DE LA CIENCIA, DISCIPLINA EN CONSTRUCCI?N 29 5.3 COMPONENTE SOCIOL?GICO DE LA CIENCIA ? RELACIONES CTSA 35 5.4 ENFOQUES METODOL?GICOS Y APRENDIZAJE SIGNIFICATIVO 37 6. DISE?O METODOL?GICO 41 6.1 TIPO Y DISE?O DE LA INVESTIGACI?N 41 6.2 ESTUDIOS SOBRE EL CAMPO CONCEPTUAL DE LA COMPOSICI?N DE LA MATERIA ? MEZCLAS, EVOLUCI?N HIST?RICO SOCIAL E INFLUENCIA CTSA 46 6.3 DISE?O DE UNIDADES DID?CTICAS 56 6.3.1 Unidad Did?ctica 1: ?Relaciones CTSA? 57 6.3.2 Unidad Did?ctica 2: ?C?mo trabajan los cient?ficos? 58 6.3.3 Unidad Did?ctica 3: ?Influencia y aplicaci?n de las CTSA? 59 7. AN?LISIS E INTERPRETACI?N DE LA INFORMACI?N 61 7.1 FASE 1: RESULTADOS SEG?N EL INSTRUMENTO COCTS Y DESARROLLO DE LA UNIDAD NO.1 DONDE SE EXPLORARON LAS CONCEPCIONES DE LOS ESTUDIANTES ACERCA DE LAS RELACIONES CTSA Y EL TEMA COMPOSICI?N DE LA MATERIA MEZCLAS. 61 7.2 FASE 2: AN?LISIS DE LA INFORMACI?N RECOGIDA DURANTE EL ESTUDIO DE LAS UNIDADES DID?CTICAS NO2 Y NO3. 76 7.3 FASE 3: COMPARACI?N DE LAS DIFERENTES RESPUESTAS DADAS POR LOS ESTUDIANTES DE ACUERDO AL AN?LISIS CONCEPTUAL Y HABILIDADES COGNITIVAS, LING??STICAS Y META COGNITIVAS 85 8. CONCLUSIONES 96 9. RECOMENDACIONES 100 REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRAFICAS 102 ANEXOS 10

A Bio-Logical Theory of Animal Learning

This article provides the foundation for a new predictive theory of animal learning that is based upon a simple logical model. The knowledge of experimental subjects at a given time is described using logical equations. These logical equations are then used to predict a subject’s response when presented with a known or a previously unknown situation. This new theory suc- cessfully anticipates phenomena that existing theories predict, as well as phenomena that they cannot. It provides a theoretical account for phenomena that are beyond the domain of existing models, such as extinction and the detection of novelty, from which “external inhibition” can be explained. Examples of the methods applied to make predictions are given using previously published results. The present theory proposes a new way to envision the minimal functions of the nervous system, and provides possible new insights into the way that brains ultimately create and use knowledge about the world

Adjusting foraging strategies : a comparison of rural and urban common mynas (Acridotheres tristis)

The research was funded by a FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IRSES research staff exchange grant to TB, SH, OG and ASG. OG was additionally supported by Gu227/16-1 and IF by an FWF grant (Y366-B17) to TB.Establishment in urbanized environments is associated with changes in physiology, behaviour, and problem-solving. We compared the speed of learning in urban and rural female common mynas, Acridotheres tristis, using a standard visual discrimination task followed by a reversal learning phase. We also examined how quickly each bird progressed through different stages of learning, including sampling and acquisition within both initial and reversal learning, and persistence following reversal. Based on their reliance on very different food resources, we expected urban mynas to learn and reversal learn more quickly but to sample new contingencies for proportionately longer before learning them. When quantified from first presentation to criterion achievement, urban mynas took more 20-trial blocks to learn the initial discrimination, as well as the reversed contingency, than rural mynas. More detailed analyses at the level of stage revealed that this was because urban mynas explored the novel cue-outcome contingencies for longer, and despite transitioning faster through subsequent acquisition, remained overall slower than rural females. Our findings draw attention to fine adjustments in learning strategies in response to urbanization and caution against interpreting the speed to learn a task as a reflection of cognitive ability.PostprintPeer reviewe

Identification of e-young chronics through questionnaire

Background and Aims: Transforming the doctor-patient re lationship from analog to digital is no simple task and requires a great deal of courage and visionary leadership. The first step to do so is to identify the digital capabilities that the ultimate re cipient of every health system possesses: the patient. Methods: A scale questionnaire of 5 questions related to digital applications is carried out to patients under follow-up for type 1 diabetes mellitus, between 18?65 years old, who are prescribed the Abbott Freestyle Libre flash glucose monitoring device, which requires their connection to a mobile application (Libreview) by the user, for optimal use and communication of data with the healthcare professional electronically. Results: 62 patients were included.In the classification by predefined subgroups according to the questionnaire score, 35 patients (56.45%) were identified as having advanced training; 16 (25.81%) of basic training and 11 (17.74%) without digital training. 82.86% (29/35) of the patients predefined as highly qualified used the system adequately, compared to 43.75% (7/16) of those with low training and 0% (0/11) of patients without technological capabilities; p < 0.001. Conclusions: The coronavirus-19 pandemic has subjected our health services to a stress test like never before. In the current remote care scenario, we are presented with an opportunity (the great opportunity) to serve people immersed in the digital age. It would be bad news if after this pandemic, we returned to the starting box, the identification of those e-young and e-senior chronics patients is the first essential step to avoid it. Comunicaci?n-p?ster presentada en: ATTD Advanced Technologies & Treatments for Diabetes Conference Online del 2 al 5 june 2021

Planning with Information-Processing Constraints and Model Uncertainty in Markov Decision Processes

Information-theoretic principles for learning and acting have been proposed to solve particular classes of Markov Decision Problems. Mathematically, such approaches are governed by a variational free energy principle and allow solving MDP planning problems with information-processing constraints expressed in terms of a Kullback-Leibler divergence with respect to a reference distribution. Here we consider a generalization of such MDP planners by taking model uncertainty into account. As model uncertainty can also be formalized as an information-processing constraint, we can derive a unified solution from a single generalized variational principle. We provide a generalized value iteration scheme together with a convergence proof. As limit cases, this generalized scheme includes standard value iteration with a known model, Bayesian MDP planning, and robust planning. We demonstrate the benefits of this approach in a grid world simulation.Comment: 16 pages, 3 figure

New Recurrent Structural Aberrations in the Genome of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Based on Exome-Sequencing Data

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most frequent lymphoproliferative syndrome in Western countries, and it is characterized by recurrent large genomic rearrangements. During the last decades, array techniques have expanded our knowledge about CLL's karyotypic aberrations. The advent of large sequencing databases expanded our knowledge cancer genomics to an unprecedented resolution and enabled the detection of small-scale structural aberrations in the cancer genome. In this study, we have performed exome-sequencing-based copy number aberration (CNA) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis in order to detect new recurrent structural aberrations. We describe 54 recurrent focal CNAs enriched in cancer-related pathways, and their association with gene expression and clinical evolution. Furthermore, we discovered recurrent large copy number neutral LOH events affecting key driver genes, and we recapitulate most of the large CNAs that characterize the CLL genome. These results provide "proof-of-concept" evidence supporting the existence of new genes involved in the pathogenesis of CLL